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1.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 312: 116494, 2023 Aug 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37054826

RESUMO

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Nityananda Rasa (NR) is an ayurvedic herbo-metallic formulation used to treat gout, obesity, hypothyroidism, elephantiasis, and other diseases. However, its safety is a concern owing to the use of heavy metals like mercury and arsenic. AIM OF THE STUDY: To study the sub-chronic oral toxicity of NR on albino wistar rats for safety evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The male and female albino wistar rats were administered a daily dose of 30 (low), 300 (medium) and 600 (high) mg/kg BW/day of NR for 90-day period. The body weight and feed consumption were monitored once a week. After 90 days, blood and vital organs were harvested for genotoxicity, hematology, biochemistry, histopathology, gene expression and the biodistribution analysis. RESULTS: There was no mortality or severe behavioural changes observed in rats. Significant changes in biochemical enzyme levels were seen at medium and high doses of NR i. e. 300 and 600 mg/kg BW/day respectively. No hematological changes were observed. Mild histopathological changes seen at high dose of NR which were found in concurrence with the biochemical alterations in liver and brain. There was mild genotoxicity and no detectable level of mercury but significant arsenic level in blood at high dose. Gene expression was mildly affected. CONCLUSIONS: NR induced moderate toxic effects at high dose but can be considered safe at therapeutic doses.


Assuntos
Arsênio , Mercúrio , Ratos , Masculino , Feminino , Animais , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Distribuição Tecidual , Testes de Toxicidade Aguda , Ratos Wistar
2.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 298: 115306, 2022 Nov 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35443217

RESUMO

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Arshakuthar rasa (AR) is a mercury based Ayurvedic herbo-metallic formulation. The concerns are being raised about the probable toxicity of mercury after prolonged use of AR. Hence, there is need for a long-term repeated in vivo toxicity study. The study will provide data with scientific evidence to enable safe use of the drug. Moreover, lack of toxicity study with AR incited us to perform sub-chronic study on rats. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study is to generate data by performing a sub-chronic study to assess the toxicity of AR after its prolonged oral intake. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The female and male rats were administered with 30 (low), 300 (medium) and 600 mg/kg BW/day (high) dose of AR for 90 consecutive days. The body weight, feed consumption and water intake were monitored weekly. On 91st day, blood was collected from retro-orbital plexus of rats and then sacrificed to harvest the vital organs for biochemical, haematological, histopathological, genotoxicity along with the expression study of oxidative stress related genes and the biodistribution of elements in the blood. RESULTS: Significant alterations in serum biochemical parameters were observed at the medium and high doses. The histopathological changes were in corroboration with biochemical changes at high dose in liver. There was no detectable level of mercury in blood, less to moderate biochemical changes, no haematological changes, moderate regulation of stress-related genes, and low genotoxicity. These results indicated that AR can be considered as moderately toxic above 600 mg/kg BW and mildly toxic at 300 mg/kg BW. CONCLUSIONS: It may be interpreted that AR may not induce grave toxic response in human after long-duration of oral administration at therapeutic doses.


Assuntos
Mercúrio , Extratos Vegetais , Administração Oral , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Ratos , Distribuição Tecidual , Testes de Toxicidade Aguda , Testes de Toxicidade Subcrônica
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